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February 2011
Overview
The U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency (FSA) makes and guarantees loans to family farmers to purchase farmland and finance agricultural production. Farmers may apply for direct loans at local FSA offices. Guaranteed loans are available from local commercial lenders who apply for loan guarantees from FSA. All programs are administered through local offices.
Funding Source
Each year the U.S. Congress appropriates money for FSA farm loans as part of the USDA budget. The funds generally are appropriated for the government’s fiscal year, which runs from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30 of the following year. The amount of money appropriated does not always meet the demand for loan funds and the agency may run out of money for some programs.
Congress may pass a supplemental appropriations bill to make additional money available. If Congress does not appropriate additional money, loans cannot be funded until the next fiscal year when new appropriations become available.
State Allocations
Each year, when FSA receives loan money in the budget, every state receives an allocation of money from the agency. It is possible for one state to deplete its funds while other states are still funding loans.
The agency allocates loan money to states based on the potential need. This is determined by the number of farmers in each state, the value of farm assets and net farm income. The largest factor is the number of farmers in each state.
FSA does not allocate emergency loan money to states because it is impossible to predict the occurrence of natural disasters or imposition of certain federal quarantines. Instead, FSA makes money available for loans when a natural disaster or quarantine is declared. Emergency loan money is available on a first-come, first-served basis.
When funds in a loan program start to run low and many states are out of money, the agency will periodically combine unused loan money and place these funds in a national office account. If there is enough money left over, it will be redistributed to the states.
If there is not much left, the money will be held at the national office and states can request funding on a loan-by-loan basis. Combining unused loan funds happens most commonly in the spring.
Specifically Reserved Loan Money
FSA reserves loan money for two specific categories:
- Socially Disadvantaged Farmers (SDA): The law requires FSA to reserve or target a portion of its direct and guaranteed operating and farm ownership loan funds for use exclusively by SDAs. An SDA group is a group whose members have been subject to racial, ethnic or gender prejudice because of their identity as members of a group without regard to their individual qualities. These groups consist of American Indians or Alaskan Natives, Asians, Blacks or African-Americans, Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders, Hispanics and women. In the farm ownership loan program, the percentage of loan funds targeted for SDAs is based upon the state percentage of the total rural population made up of SDAs, and the statewide percentage of total farmers who are female.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, political beliefs, genetic information, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of Discrimination, write to USDA, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Stop 9410, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call toll-free at (866) 632-9992 (English) or (800) 877-8339 (TDD), or (866) 377-8642 (English Federal-relay), or, or (800) 845-6136 or. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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