The Farm Service Agency's national administrative functions are managed in Washington, D.C. Computational and statistical work is done in Kansas City. Implementation of farm policy through FSA programs is the responsibility of field offices based in states, counties and territories.

The organizational structure of FSA is laid out by Congress and overseen by the secretary of agriculture. The FSA administrator reports to an undersecretary of agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services (FFAS).

More than 2,346 state and county offices are the primary distributors of FSA programs in the 48 continental states. FSA is also represented in Hawaii and Puerto Rico.

Farmer county committees replaced the New Deal AAA committees in the 1950s. By 2005, more than 8,000 farmers were elected by their peers to be county committee members.

Committee members are the local authorities responsible for fairly and equitably resolving local issues while remaining dually and directly accountable to the Secretary of Agriculture and local producers though the elective process. They operate within official regulations designed to carry out Federal laws and provide a necessary and important voice in Federal decisions affecting their counties and communities.

Committee members make decisions affecting which FSA programs are implemented county-wide, the establishment of allotment and yields, commodity price support loans and payments, conservation programs, incentive, indemnity, and disaster payments for commodities, and other farm disaster assistance.